An Examination of Monitoring Metrics: Part 5 MongoDB

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MongoDB is more than a simple document database. It is widely used as a session store, log analytics engine, and even a messaging backbone.
To ensure stable operations, monitoring must cover availability, performance, resources, cursors & connections, and network usage.
The following are the core metrics that should always be part of a MongoDB monitoring strategy.

1. Availability Metrics

uptime

• Total time the MongoDB process has been running.
• A long uptime suggests stability, while frequent restarts often indicate underlying issues or configuration problems.
• Always review restart patterns together with logs.

2. Performance Metrics

operation latency (total)

• Average time (ms) required for all operations (insert, update, query, delete, command).
• Stable, low latency is normal.
• Sudden increases usually point to missing indexes, disk I/O bottlenecks, or lock contention.

operation throughput (rate)

• Number of operations executed per second (ops/sec).
• Useful for identifying workload patterns.
• Sharp spikes or drops may indicate abnormal traffic or application errors.

3. Resource Metrics

connections

• Number of client connections to MongoDB.
• If connection pool limits are reached, new connections may fail. Monitoring trends is critical.

memory usage (resident memory)

• Physical memory consumed by the process.
• MongoDB relies on keeping the working set in memory for performance.
• If memory runs low, page faults and OS swapping occur, leading to severe latency.

wiredTiger cache

• The internal cache used by the WiredTiger storage engine to minimize disk access.
• Frequently accessed pages are kept in memory.
• Flow: document → in-memory cache → disk sync. When the cache is full, eviction occurs (old pages written to disk, new pages loaded).
• Sustained high cache usage leads to frequent evictions, increased disk I/O, and potential performance degradation.
• Cache size and utilization are among the most critical metrics for MongoDB performance monitoring.

4. Cursor & Client Metrics

active clients

• Number of clients currently performing read/write operations.
• Sudden surges typically point to batch jobs or query hotspots.

cursors

• A cursor is created whenever a query is executed to traverse the result set.
• Flow: query execution → cursor opened → client fetches data → cursor closed when results are fully consumed or timeout expires.
• If cursors remain open for long periods, memory is wasted. If timeouts accumulate, it indicates the application is not consuming results properly.
• In practice, dashboards often show cursor = 1 constantly.
  • Normal: long-lived cursors used by change streams or tailable cursors (e.g., oplog tailing).
  • Abnormal: a standard query that never closes → application code should be reviewed.
• A single open cursor does not pose a risk by itself, but understanding why it remains open is important.
• Cursor metrics are valuable for diagnosing query patterns beyond raw performance numbers.

5. Network Metrics

network traffic

• Amount of data sent and received (bytes/sec).
• Stable, predictable patterns are expected.
• Unusual increases often come from replication overhead, heavy query responses, or application spikes.

✅ Operational Takeaways

• Uptime → the primary indicator of process stability.
• Operation Latency + Throughput → key metrics for spotting performance bottlenecks.
• Connections + Memory + WiredTiger Cache → essential for detecting resource saturation.
• Cursors + Active Clients → highlight query behavior and potential inefficiencies.
• Network Traffic → provides insight into data flow and sudden load concentration.

🛠 마지막 수정일: 2025.12.22